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{\LARGE\bf \begin{center}
Manual for \ltd{} version C15.04 and later\\
\end{center}}

{\begin{center} (Siegert, 17.08.1996) 1st raw translation\end{center}}
\vspace{1cm}

{\bf This version is upward compatible with all older versions. Since
  version 14.04 a digitizer tablet can be connected. The description
  of this tablet is not included.}


\section{Environment}

\subsection{Style files}
\ltd{} uses UNIX and X-Windows. For translating a LaTeX-source
document with pictures the style file latexdraw.sty must be included.
This style file uses the package pstricks.tex (a standard package for
LaTeX). For printing and previewing the DVI-file generated by latex or
slitex is not suitable. You must translate the DVI-file to a
Postscript-file by the program dvips.

Example:\\ Assuming a LaTeX-document with the file name myfile.tex,
the following commands do the job:\\ latex myfile.tex\\ dvips
myfile.dvi\\ The headline of myfile.tex could be \\ 
$\backslash$documentstyle[latexdraw]\{article\}\\ 

\subsection{Fonts}
The fonts used by \ltd{} in its output file are 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and
18 point Roman fonts in normal, bold and italics. If no font is
defined, the font defined in the environment of the picture is used.
All fonts can be redefined either in latexdraw.sty or later in the
LaTeX-document.

Fonts used for the screen display are  (\wc{} is wild card):\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-8-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-10-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-14-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-17-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-20-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-24-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-8-\wc\\
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-10-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-14-\wc\\
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-17-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-20-\wc\\
-\wc-times-bold-r-\wc-\wc-24-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-8-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-10-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-14-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-17-\wc\\ 
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-20-\wc\\
-\wc-times-medium-i-\wc-\wc-24-\wc\\ 
8x13\\ 
8x13bold\\ 

These fonts should be available in your system. If pathnames are not
right, they can be modified by  xset fp $&lt;$ comma separated list of
pathnames $&gt;$. If a font is not available \ltd{} uses a 8x13-font\\
   -\wc-times-medium-r-\wc-\wc-17-\wc

\section{User interface}

\subsection{Cursor}

Three different shapes of the cursor are used:
\begin{itemize}
\item{} Keyboard input expected (square with point);
\item{} Click with mouse button expected (arrow);
\item{} \ltd{} is busy (heart).
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Files}
\ltd{} generates two different output files:
\begin{itemize}
\item{} the \ltd{}--file\\ The \ltd{}-file saves the picture in an
  internal format. This file can be read and modified by \ltd{} again.
  Use it to save the final version of your picture and intermediate
  states.
\item{} the LaTeX--file\\ The LaTeX--file is the output file with the
  generated latex source code for the picture. When saving a picture
  you can choose one of two versions:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item The file is a full latex document with all headers and
    trailers. It can be translated with latex and dvips immediately.
  \item The file is a latex document containing only the picture. It
    can be included in other latex-documents without changes, e.g.
    by\\ $\backslash input\left\{&lt;filename&gt;\right\}$
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
All files are ASCII-files and can easily be modified, if necessary.

\subsection{\ltd{}-Window}
The \ltd{} window allows fast drawing. Therefore all drawing options
are always displayed and there are no pull down menues. The \ltd{}
window consists of the following regions:
\begin{itemize}
\item A special menue for direct selection of colors and fonts;
\item the menue with drawing options and basic drawing elements, also
  called objects;
\item the prompt line showing the next action expected or the current
  keyboard input;
\item the drawing area, with the picture\\ The area can be scrolled
  with the arrow keys of the keyboard. The size can be changed by
  changing the size of the window. The initial size corresponds
  roughly to paper format A4.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Command options}
All command options are optional.  \ltd{} knows the following command
options:\\ 
\begin{itemize}
\item -q or -l: the orientation of the drawing area is landscape (this
  does not influence the output files!)
\item -t: If \ltd{} was generated with the digitizer option (see
  makefile) then the digitizer tablet is enabled
\item The default header line used for the LaTeX-file is:\\ 
  ''$\backslash$documentstyle[latexdraw]$\left\{\mbox{article}\right\}$''
\item -2e sets the header line to:\\ 
  ''$\backslash$documentclass$\left\{\mbox{article}\right\}\backslash$input\{latexdraw.sty\}''
\item -d followed by a string x sets the header line to x.\\ 
  Example:\\ latexdraw -l -d
  '$\backslash$[latexdraw]\{report\}$\backslash$pagestyle\{empty\}'

  sets orientation to landscape, uses the documentstyle report, and
  the pagestyle is empty.
\item -f followed by a font name defines the font used for the menue,
  e.g.  -f 8x13bold.
\item The size of the drawing area can be adjusted by the user at any
  time by changing the size of the window. The command option -s
  followed by pixelwidthxpixelheight defines the initial size of the
  drawing area.
\item -io myfile1 myfile2\\ In this case \ltd{} is not started for
  drawing but only for file generation. The input file myfile1 is a
  \ltd{}--file. It is used to generate the output file myfile2, which
  is a LaTeX--file.
\end{itemize}


\subsection{Mouse buttons}

Usually you use the left mouse button to select a menue item, to click
on a point or to define a selection rectangle by dragging. If you
click on a menue item which represents a value, the left mouse button
counts upwards and the right mouse button counts downwards.

If the menue item ''snap'' is active, the selected point in the
drawing area is the nearest hot point of a drawing object or of the
grid, if those are within a certain distance. If ''mp'' is active, the
selected point is the middle point of the selected drawing object.

Often you want to draw horizontal or vertical lines, which do not
follow grid lines. This is supported by the following mechanism.
Suppose the point last selected is (xlast,ylast). Now you click on the
point (x,y) and drag the mouse with button 1 pressed to the point
(xe,ye). First the snap point (xsnap, ysnap) is calculated from (x,y).
If $|x-xe|&gt;|y-ye|$ then the point used for further processing is
(xlast,ysnap) otherwise (xsnap,ylast).

\subsection{Object groups}
Drawing objects can be aggregated to groups of objects. Groups can be
aggregated with other groups or drawing objects to higher level
groups. Groups can be ungrouped later. Grouping information persists
even if the grouping mode is inactive.

If the grouping mode is inactive then objects can be selected, deleted
or modified without beeing influenced by the group structure.

If the grouping mode is active then the selection of objects is
influenced by the group structure in the following way:
\begin{itemize}
\item If according to the context only the selection of a single
  object is reasonable, then the object you clicked on is selected,
  e.g. you select a line to draw a parallel line.
\item If you click on an object e, then all objects are selected which
  belong to the same groups as e (highest level group and all
  subgroups). If e is not in a group, then e is selected.
\item If you define a selection rectangle, then all objects are
  selected which are not part of a group, but are within the
  rectangle, and all objects of those groups where all objects of the
  highest level group are within the selection rectangle.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Selection of menue items}
Menue items define drawing objects, options for objects and other
operations.  Active menue items are displayed in inverse color
(black). If you click with button 1 you can activate and deactivate
items. If a new activation gets in conflict with other activations,
then the other items are deactivated. Items may be active even when
they are without influence to the current drawing process.

It is always(!) possible to click on a menue item to change an option
or to abort an operation or drawing process. Menue items which are
options are used at the latest possible point in the drawing process.


\subsection{Error messages}

Error messages and file operations are displayed in the parent window.


\section{Description of the menue items}

\begin{enumerate}
 
\item Menue item 'quit'\\
  Quit the program. Input of the name of a file to save the current
  drawing is requested. If the file name is empty, the drawing is not
  saved. 

\item Menue item 'load'\\
  Load a new picture. The name of a \ltd{}--inputfile is requested. If
  the file name is empty or the file not existent, then the drawing
  area is cleared.

\item 'save'\\ Save the current picture. The name of a
  \ltd{}--outputfile is requested. If the suggested name is ok, then
  press return otherwise type name. If the file name is empty then no
  output is generated. The drawing process can proceed after saving.
  The output file can be loaded with 'load'.
   
  After writing the \ltd{}--outputfile the name of a LaTeX--file is
  requested. If the suggested name is ok, then
  press return otherwise type name. If the file name is empty then no
  output is generated. Otherwise output options are requested. If they
  are the same as last saved for this picture, just press return. If
  they differ, you are prompted for input:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Do you want the output file with or without header and
    trailer?
  \item Maximum width and maximum height of picture in mm (for scaling)?
  \item Orientation of picture (rotated 90 degrees or not)?
  \end{itemize}
  The current output options are also saved in the \ltd{}--file for
  later use.

  Note:\\ Width and height are always defined for the picture before
  rotation! Width and height are used for calculating the LaTeX
  scaling factor '$\backslash$unitlength'. Scaling is uniform in both
  dimensions. The scaling is calculated to fill one of the two
  dimensions with the picture. Linewidth and text fonts are never
  scaled in order to achieve quality and consistency with the
  surrounding document.

\item Menue item 'text'\\
  First a point, the reference point, is defined. Then text input with
  the keyboard is requested. This text is displayed in the prompt line
  and can be modified there. If there was already a text object at
  the selected point, the text of this object is displayed. 

  The font used is indicated in the menue field next to the menue item
  'text', e.g.  17bpt means bold 17 points. An empty field means use
  the font defined in the environment of the picture. You may change
  the font by selecting the font from the special menue or by clicking
  with the left or right mouse button in the font field next to 'text'
  before finishing text input.

  Text input is finished with return. Text can be no longer than about
  110 characters.

  Modifying text is similiar to emacs; use the characters DELETE,
  BACKSPACE or ctrl-a, ctrl-d, ctrl-e and ctrl-k.

  The fonts used are defined with macros in latexdraw.sty and can be
  changed. The commands are defined as $\backslash$F$&lt;$fname$&gt;$, where
  fname is the font name displayed in the menue with the arabic
  numbers transformed into roman numbers, e.g. font 12bpt is
  associated with command $\backslash$FXIIbpt.
    
  The text is aligned relative to the reference point according to the
  menue options '$l$, $r$, $t$, $b$' and their combinations. The
  reference point is indicated on the screen with a small triangle.
  The alignment is read when text input is finished with return.
  Meaning:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item{} '$l$': Text aligned left
  \item{} '$r$': Text aligned right
  \item{} both '$l$' and '$r$' not active: Text width centered
  \item{} '$b$': Text  bottom  aligned
  \item{} '$t$': Text top aligned
  \item{} both  '$b$' and '$t$' not active: Text height centered
  \end{itemize}
  
  If the menue item '$\mid\mid$' is activated, then the text is
  rotated. The rotation is defined by selecting a reference line which
  is parallel to the text. Since X-Windows is unable to display
  rotated text, the text is always displayed horizontally. The
  rotation is indicated by a special line associated with the text.
  Since texts are character strings which are processed by the latex
  programm it is allowed to use all macros (commands) defined by the
  latex environment of the picture in your document.

\item Menue item 'line'\\ 
  Used to draw a line. Most lines are defined by their start and end
  point only. Options are '$\mid\mid$', '$\mid$-', ' \_ ', ' .  ',
  'b$&gt;$', 'e$&gt;$' and '|]'.

  '$\mid\mid$' says that you want to draw a line which is parallel to
  some other line and has the same lenght.

  '$\mid$-' says that you want to draw a line which is normal to an
  other line.

  Solid lines are drawn when neither ' \_ ' nor ' .  ' are activated.
  If only ' \_ ' (' .  ') is active the lines are dashed (dotted). If
  both ' \_ ' and ' .  ' are activated then the lines are dashed
  dotted.

  'b$&gt;$' ('e$&gt;$') means arrow at the beginning (end) of a line. The
  beginning of a line is the first point you defined.


  If there are no arrows selected but '|]' then solid lines are
  extended half their linewidth on both ends.

  The linewidth is defined by an integer between 0 and 20. The value
  is displayed in the menue field '='. For printing the actual
  linewidth is calculated in latexdraw.sty. 

\item Menue item 'circle'\\ 
  Used to draw a circle or a filled circle or a circular arc or a
  circular pieslice. A circle is defined by its center point and a
  point on the circle. For an arc the beginning and the end of the arc
  has to be defined (in mathematical sense).

  If menue item 'C' is active then an arc or pieslice is drawn.

  If menue item '\wc' is active a filles circle or a pieslice is
  drawn.

  The menue items ' \_ ' and ' .  ' define the linetype for circles or
  circular arcs.

  The menue items  'b$&gt;$' and 'e$&gt;$' define possible arrows for arcs.

  Defining the beginning or end of an arc has an important definition
  which allows -- in contrast to other drawing programs -- easy and
  precise positioning in many important cases. Assume (xc,yc) is the
  center point and you have clicked on (x,y) to define the beginning
  or end of the arc. Then the arc starts (ends) at the intersection of
  the line defined by (xc,yc) to (x,y) and the circle.

  An other way to define arcs is the direct keyboard input of the arc
  as floating point number in degrees. This can be done when 'deg' is
  active.

  To select a circle or arc click on the circle or arc.

\item Menue item 'ellipse'\\
  It is used to draw an ellipse or afilled ellipse or an elliptical
  arc or a elliptical pieslice. For details see 'circle'. When you
  have to define the endpoints of the x-axis (y-axis) then only the
  x-value (y-value) of the selected point is used.


  Ellipses are rotation sensitive. If menue item '$\mid\mid$' is
  active then the major axis of the ellipse is parallel to line to be
  selected.

\item Menue item 'rectangle'\\
  It is used to draw a rectangle or a filled rectangle if '\wc' is
  active. To define the rectangle you have to define 2 diagonal corner
  points. A rectangle which is not filled is represented as four
  isolated lines.

  To select a rectangle click on the lines. To select a filled
  rectangle click on a point within the rectangle.

\item Menue item 'triangle'\\ 
  It is used to draw a triangle, defined by three corner points. If
  '\wc' is active then the triangle is filled.

  A triangle which is not filled is represented as three isolated
  lines.
   
  To select a triangle click on one of the lines. To select a filled triangle
  click on a point within the triangle.

\item Menue item 'quadrangle'\\ 
  It is used to draw a quadrangle defined by four corner points in
  sequence.  If '\wc' is active then the quadrangle is filled.


  A quadrangle which is not filled is represented as four isolated
  lines.
   
  To select a quadrangle click on one of the lines. To select a filled
  quadrangle click on a point within the quadrangle.


\item Menue item 'Bezier'\\
  It is used to draw a Bezier curve of third order, defined by 4
  points. Linetype and arrows as described under 'line'. If '\wc' is
  active then the curve is filled. 

  The first point is the starting point of the Bezier curve. The
  second point defines the tangent to the starting point. The fourth
  point is the endpoint of the curve. The third point defines the
  tangent to the end point.

  A new Bezier curve which has the end point of the previous Bezier
  curve as starting point and the same tangent there can be defined by
  additional input of 2 points which define the tangent to the
  endpoint and the endpoint.


\item Menue item 'polygon'\\
  It is used to draw a regular polygon. First point is the center
  point, the second point is a point on the circle. The number of
  vertices is requested as a keyboard input. This input is finished by
   'RETURN'. If the menue field  '\wc' is active, then all vertices
  are connected by a line with the center point.

\item Menue item 'connect'\\
  The center points of two drawing objects are connected. The center
  points are dependeing of the type of the drawing object, e.g. for
  filled trinangles the center of gravity is used as center point. 

  If menue field 'p' is active then the second point is not defined by
  a drawing object but is the click-point itsself.

  Is neither 'X' nor 'Y' active, then the two point are connected by a
  direct line. If 'X' is active then the connecting line consists of a
  horizontal line first and then a vertical line. If 'Y' is active
  then the connecting line consists of a vertical line first and then
  a horizontal line.

  If the first (second) part of the line intersects the first (second)
  drawing object then this part of the line is trimmed. 


\item Menue item 'p'\\
  Used only with 'connect'. See this description.

\item Menue item 'X'\\
  Used only with 'connect'. See this description.

\item Menue item 'Y'\\
  Used only with 'connect'. See this description.

\item Menue item 'mirror'\\
  Objects are mirrored at a line. First this line is
  selected. Afterwards objects can be selected which are
  mirrored. Texts are only parially mirrored, the refernce point and
  the orientation of the text  are correctly transformed. But the
  individual characters are not mirrored correctly.

\item Menue item 'attr?'\\ 
  You can request the display of some attributes not easily
  recognizable by selecting objects. The attributes linewidth, colour,
  and font of an object are displayed in the menue.

\item Menue item 'rotate'\\ 
  Objects are rotated by the number of degrees given in the field to
  the right of 'rotate'. The direction of rotation is in the
  mathematical sense (counter clockwise).

  First you have to select the objects, either by cklicking at
  individual objects or by an selection area. The selected objects
  blink.

  The rotation point is the point you clicked on or in the case of a
  selection area a point you are asked for. In the latter case you can
  define further rotations of the selected objects by defining further
  rotation points.

  The number of degrees is changed by clicking on the field with the
  degrees. Clicking with the left (right) mouse button adds 5 (30)
  degrees, modulo 360 degrees.

\item Menue item 'copy'\\
  Objects which have been selected or are within a selection rectangle
  can be copied to an other point of the window. The objects which are
  selected blink. There are two modes to copy, selected by field 'm'
  in the same line of the menue.
   
  Case 'm' not active: Copying is based on a transformation containing
  a translation, a rotation and a scaling. This transformation is
  defined by two lines, the reference line and the goal line. The
  transformation transforms the reference line into the goal
  line. After selecting the two lines you can select objects to be
  copied after applying the transformation.


  Case 'm' active before selecting copy: One or more objects can be
  selected either by clicking on them or by using a selection
  rectangle. The objects selected are blinking. If a selection
  rectangle is defined you are requested to click on a reference point
  otherwise the refernce point is the point you clicked on when
  selecting the object(s). After this you can copy the selected
  objects as often as you like by clicking on a goal point. The
  objects are copied in a way that goal point and refernce point
  coincide. There is no rotation and no scaling. 

\item Menue item 'move'\\
  You can move objects from one place to another. Handling is the same
  as described for copying, but  the original objects are deleted. 
   
\item Menue item 'm' in the line of 'copy' and 'move'\\
  Copy or move objects with the mouse. See 'copy' for details. 

\item Menue item 'complete'\\
  Two lines with one common end-point are selected. This two lines are
  complemented by two other lines to yield a parallelogram. 

\item Menue item 'extend'\\ 
  You can select a line, a circular or an elliptical arc which is then
  extended with a predefined factor. The extension is starting from
  the endpoint wich is nearest to the point you clicked on. By
  extending an arc a whole circle or ellipse may result.

\item Menue item 'fill'\\ (see also menue item '\wc')\\
  You select a drawing object to generate a filled drawing object of
  the same kind. The new object is always painted before all other
  existing objects, therefore it does not hide already existing
  objects.
 
  You may fill circles, ellipses, circular arcs, elliptical arcs,
  filled circular arcs, filled elliptical arcs, triangles and
  quadrangles.

  Triangles are defined by clicking on two intersecting lines. The
  parts you clicked on define two edges. Quadrangles are defined by
  clicking on two lines. This defines the four vertices for the filled
  quadrangle. There are two possible ways to connect the four points.
  To resolve this ambiguity we connect those endpoints of the two
  lines which are closest to the point clicked on when selecting the
  line.

\item Menue item 'trim'\\ 
  We define simple objects: lines, circles, ellipses, arcs, pieslices.
  A simple object T can be intersected other single objects or
  extended lines. A part of T between two intersection points or
  between an intersection point and an end point of T can be
  removed. First click on a point of T in the part to be removed. The
  select two simple objects, which define the intersection points. If
  only one other simple object is involved, select this same object
  twice. Removing the whole object T in this way is not possible.


\item Menue item 'up'\\ 
  You select one or more objects. This objects are moved up to the top
  of the hierarchy of drawing objects, this means they are painted
  last and may obscure other objects lower in the hierarchy. In
  addition the sequence of the selected objects in the hierarchy is
  reversed.


\item Menue item 'down'\\ 
  You select one or more objects. This objects are moved down to the
  bottom of the hierarchy of drawing objects, this means they are
  painted first and may be obscured by other objects higher in the
  hierarchy.  The sequence of the selected objects in the hierarchy is
  not reversed.

\item Menue item 'delete'\\ 
  The selected object is deleted. If you press one of the keys
  BACKSPACE, DELETE oder UNDO all objects deleted since the last
  selection of the menue item 'delete' are restored.
  
\item Menue item 'cut'\\ 
  With the menue items 'cut' and 'paste' you may copy objects from one
  \ltd{}-window to an other \ltd{}-window. Selecting 'cut' defines
  this window as the from-window. Only one from-window can exist.
  After selecting 'cut' you have to define a reference point.
  Afterwards you can select objects by clicking on them or by defining
  a selection rectangle. Selected objects blink. If you select one
  object more than once, this has no effect. If to-windows are already
  defined then the objects selected are copied into the to-windows as
  soon as they are selected. Otherwise the objects selected are copied
  when a to-window comes into existence. The grouping of objects is
  not copied.

\item Menue item 'paste'\\
  Selecting 'paste' defines this window as a to-window. More than one
  to-window can be defined. After selecting 'paste' you have to define
  a goal point. A to-window is ready to accept selected objects from
  the from-window (see 'cut'). The copied objects from the from-window
  are translated so that the reference point in the from-window
  coincides with the goal point of the to-window.


\item Menue item '-$l$'\\
   Text is aligned left horizontally with the reference point.


\item Menue item '-$r$'\\
   Text is aligned right horizontally with the reference point.


\item Menue item '-$b$'\\
   The bottom of the text is aligned with the reference point.

\item Menue item '-$t$'\\
   The top of the text is aligned with the reference point.

 \item Menue item '\wc'\\
   The drawing object selected is filled. No border line is generated.
   Circles, ellipses, arcs, rectangles, quadrangles and Bezier curves
   may be filled. Regular polygons are not filled, but connecting
   lines between vertices and center point are generated.


\item Menue item 'C'\\
  If the drawing objects 'circle' or 'ellipse' are selected circular
  arcs or elliptical arcs are drawn. They are filled, if in addition
  '\wc' is active.


\item Menue item '$\mid\mid$'\\
  The symbol '$\mid\mid$' stands for parallel.

  If you draw a line and '$\mid\mid$' is active you want to draw a
  line parallel to line gp. You have to click on the first end point
  of the line. Then you click on a point to define roughly the
  direction the resulting line should go. Then you select the line gp.
  The generated line is as long as line gp and is parallel to gp.

  If you draw an ellipse or a elliptical arc you want the main axis
  parallel to line gp. Again you have to click on the line gp as
  requested in the drawing process.
   
  If you define text, the text can be oriented parallel to a line gp.
  Again you have to click on the line gp as requested in the drawing
  process.

\item Menue item '-$\mid$'\\
  The symbol '-$\mid$' stands for normal to. A line is defined by its
  starting point p and a line s. The end point of the line is the
  intersection of line s and its normal through point p.


\item Menue item 'mp'\\
  The symbol 'mp' stands for middle point.

  If 'mp' is active the point clicked on replaced by a modified point
  as follows: 
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Case 1: You clicked on a line then the resulting point is the
    middle point of the line.
  \item{} Case 2: You clicked on a circle, an ellipse or an arc then
    the resulting point is the center point of the object.
  \item{} Case 3: You clicked on a filled triangle or rectangle or
    quadrangle then the resulting point is the center of gravity of
    the object.
  \item{} Case 4: The point you clicked on is too far from an object
    then the resulting point is the point you clicked on.
  \end{itemize}
   

\item Menue item 'b$&gt;$'\\
  An arrow is at the beginning of a line, an arc or a Bezier curve.


\item Menue item 'e$&gt;$'\\
  An arrow is at the end of a line, an arc or a Bezier curve.

\item Menue item '|]'\\
  If this item is activated and there is no arrow at the end points
  selected, then solid lines are extended on both sides by half the
  linewidth.

\item Menue item '=$&lt;$number$&gt;$'\\ 
  This number represents the linewidth. By clicking on this field with
  the left (right) mouse button this number is incremented
  (decremented) by one modulo 20. The actual linewidth in points for
  printing is calculated as $0.57*&lt;number&gt;$. It may be changed in
  latexdraw.sty.



\item Menue item ' \_ ' and not menue item ' . ' active\\
  Lines are dashed.


\item Menue item ' . ' and not menue item '\_ ' active\\
  Lines are dotted.


\item Menue item ' \_ ' and menue item ' . ' active\\
  Lines are dashed-dotted.


\item Menue items ' $&lt;$ $\wedge$ $\vee$ $&gt;$ '\\
  Scrolling of the drawing by a fixed amount left, up, right or down.
  There is no problem if parts of the drawing are outside of the
  window. Scrolling of the window can be done at any time, also
  between clicks defining one drawing object. Scrolling can also be
  done with the arrow keys of the keyboard.

\item Menue item '[]'\\
  The drawing is saved and work can continue.

\item Menue item 'groupmode'\\
  Groupmode is activated, selecting one object may select all objects
  of a group. If single objects are to be selected, e.g. for changing
  their attributes or for deleting, then 'groupmode' should not be
  active. Turning off groupmode does not destroy the group hierarchy
  but only deactivates it.


\item Menue item 'newgroup'\\
  A new group of objects is generated. All objects or object groups
  you select until you click again on 'newgroup' or on an other menue
  item are grouped together. The objects selected blink. 

\item Menue item 'ungroup'\\
  You ungroup a group of objects. First you click on an object, then
  all elements of the highest group this object is contained in
  blink. If you click on 'OK' then this highest group is ungrouped
  into the single objects or the object groups this group consisted
  of. 

\item Menue item 'showgroup'\\
  You click on an object, then all elements of the highest group this
  object is contained in blink.

\item Menue item 'G'\ (Grid)\\ 
  A grid is always displayed. Since snap is defined in a new way it is
  rarely necessary to work without a grid.

  If you click on 'G' then a square grid with a basic gridwidth is
  displayed where the center point, is the center of the drawing area.

  Then you may define three additional points or leave the grid
  definition by selecting an other menue item now or later at any
  point in the progress. In this case the grid defined at the moment
  you leave is the grid to be used.

  The first point gives the center point of the grid. Width and height
  of the mesh stay unchanged.

  The second point is the next grid point to the right of the center
  point. The grid may not be parallel to the x- and y-axis, but the
  mesh is rectangular. Width and height of the mesh are identical.

  The third point is the next grid point above the center point. The
  third and second point together define a grid, whose width and
  height are different and which is not rectangular.

  The width and height of the mesh changes also when scaling the
  drawing.



\item Menue item 'o'\\
  The drawing is centered around the middle of the drawing area. This
  operation can be done at any time.


\item Menue item '+'\\
  The drawing is enlarged.  This operation can be done at any time.
  You can also use key + of the keyboard.

\item Menue item '-'\\
  The drawing is scaled down.  This operation can be done at any time.
  You can also use key - of the keyboard.

 \item Menue item 'snap'\\
   When clicking on a point and 'snap' is active, then the point
   really used is in most cases the snap-in-point. If snap is not
   active, then the point used is the point you clicked on.

   The snap-in-point is the nearest hot-point of an object or grid, if
   this point is within a certain range. Otherwise it is the point you
   clicked on.

   Hot-points are
   \begin{itemize}
   \item reference points of texts
   \item endpoints of lines, arcs and Bezier-curves
   \item center points of circles, ellipses and arcs
   \item vertices of triangles, rectangles and quadrangels
   \end{itemize}

\item  Menue item 'xy'\\
  If 'xy' is active you define the next point not by clicking with
  the mouse button but by giving two floating point numbers separated
  by blanks via keyboard input. The coordinates are defined in
  gridunits relative to the center point of the grid. Input is
  finished with key RETURN. 

\item  Menue item 'deg'\\
  If 'deg' is active the next point to define an end point of an arc
  is not defined by clicking with the mouse button, but by keyboard
  input of a floating point number. This number gives the angle of the
  endpoint in degrees in the mathematical sense. 

\item Menue item '$&lt;$colornumber$&gt;$:$&lt;$colorname$&gt;$'\\ 
  The number and name of the color used for strokes and for filling is
  given in this menue field. The background color of this field is
  this color. The number is incremented (decremented) by one through
  clicking with the left (right) mouse button on this field. You can
  also select a color by clicking on the special menue part. 

  If a color is not available the corresponding field is black. The
  internal representation of the colors is with an integer value.
  Number 0 is black and number 1 is white. The actual colors used are
  defined in the style file latexdraw.sty by their RGB-values.


 \item Menuefeld 'stdin'\\
   
   If activated, input from standard-input is expected and waited
   for. There are two cases:

   First case: A complete  Latexdraw-file arrives, including the
   headlines with a version number and other parameters as well as the
   trailing lines which define the groups. In this case all in
   the programm already existing drawing elements are deleted and only the
   newly arriving drawing elements are stored. This is equivalent to
   loading a new picture. This new picture is diplayed after input of
   the last line, then there is a delay of d seconds until a new
   interaction is possible (see menue item 'd:').

   Second case: Only drawing elements are coming, without header lines
   or trailing lines. Already existing drawing elements are retained
   and not deleted. A newly arriving drawing element with positiv type
   is stored on top of the existing elements, therefore displayed
   last. If there is already a identical drawing element, which
   differs only in color or lineattributes, these attributes are taken
   from the newly arrived element and the latter is discarded
   afterwards.  If the type of the element is negativ (-t) and there
   is an identical element with type t, then both elements are
   deleted. A drawing element has the structure as in the
   Latexdraw-file and must be contained in one line. The last element
   is followed by a line with 17 zeros separated by blanks. If such a
   line arrives, the drawing is displayed, then there is a delay of d
   seconds until a new interaction is possible (see menue item 'd:').

   Input using standard input can consist of an arbitrary mixed
   sequence of the obove mentioned two input types. Only after input
   of a whole line interactions with the menue of the window is
   possible. There are no restrictions in the actions possible, e.g.
   it is possible to activate other menue-items and continue standard
   input later.

   The feature is especially useful for on-line animations, therefore
   grid points and click marks are not displayed in this mode.

 \item Menue item 'd:$&lt;$dauer$&gt;$s'

   The value $&lt;$dauer$&gt;$ represents the delay in seconds after input
   of drawings using standard input (see stdin). The value is
   incremented (decremented) by clicking on this field with the left
   (right) mouse button.

 \item Menue item 'chatt'\\ 
   You can change the attributes of objects by first clicking on the
   attribute in the menue and then selecting objects. The process of
   changing attributes and selecting objects can be repeated. The
   attributes linewidth, colour, type of line, arrows, font and
   text-alignment can be changed. Only those attributes are changed
   which have been clicked on at least once after selecting 'chatt'!


\end{enumerate}

\section{\ltd{}--file}

The \ltd{}--file is an ASCII-file. It is one of the two output files
of \ltd. It can easily be read or modified by an user.  Each line
represents an object. The first number gives the type of the drawing
object, e.g. circle. Then coordinates and other attributes follow.
Each line for an object has the same number of values, even if not all
are needed. If the object is of type text, then the following line
contains the text string. After the input lines which define objects a
line with zeroes is included.

The header of the \ltd{}--output file gives internal parameters. The
trailer of the \ltd{}--output file gives the group hierarchy.

A \ltd{}--file can be input file to \ltd.

\section{LaTeX-file}

The LaTeX-file is the second output file of \ltd. It is the LaTeX
source file representing the drawing. It is used with latexdraw.sty
and pstricks.tex. To convert the DVI-file to Postscript dvips is used.

The LaTeX-file is also an ASCII-file and can be modified by the user
if necessary. There are two output modes available (defined when you
save a picture):
\begin{enumerate}
\item The LaTeX-file is a complete LaTeX-document which can be
  translated by latex without further changes or additions. Then it
  can be translated to a postscript-file with dvips.
\item The LaTeX-file contains only the picture itsself without
  headers and trailers. It starts with $\backslash$begin{picture} and
  ends with $\backslash$end{picture}. This type of file is used for
  including in an other document by $\backslash$include{...}. In this
  case macros defined outside the picture can be used in text strings
  in the picture. 
\end{enumerate}

\section{Internal format of the \ltd{}--file}

All versions of the \ltd{}--files are upward compatible. 

\subsection{Header}

The header consists of 7 lines:
\begin{itemize}
\item line 1:\\ Name and version of the program this file was
  generated with
\item line 2:\\ All coordinate values (dimensions) in the file are
  given in pixels. The value given in line 2 is the size
  of one pixel in mm. It is used as ''$\backslash$unitlength''. The
  number is followed by a comment in brackets.
\item line 3:\\ The line consists of a number followed by a comment in
  brackets. This line is no longer evaluated.
\item line 4:\\ The line consists of a number followed by a comment in
  brackets.This line is no longer evaluated.
\item line 5:\\ The line consists of a number followed by a comment in
  brackets.This line is no longer evaluated.
\item line 6:\\ The line contains 8 numbers and a comment in brackets.
  The numbers are used for generating the grid in the drawing window.
\item line 7:\\ The line contains 10 numbers and a comment in
  brackets. The numbers are:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item x and y for lower left point of picture in pixels
  \item x and y for upper right point of picture in pixels
  \item number of pixels in x and in y dimension (size of the picture)
  \item maximum width and height of printed picture in mm as given as
    output-option by the user.
  \item standalone document (1), document ready to include in other
    document (0)
  \item rotate picture (0), dont rotate picture (1)
  \end{itemize}

  An example of the header is:{\small
\begin{verbatim}
LaTeXdraw (Siegert, TUM, C15.06)Digi
 2.64706E-01  (TEXFAKTOR)
 2.00000E+00  (TEXDASHLAENGE)
 1.80000E+00  (TEXDOTGAP)
 8.00000E-01  (TEXINTERDOTGAP)
16.667 16.667 562.400 294.750 1.000 0.000 0.000 1.000  (GITTERWERTE)
210.000 78.083 838.000 518.000 628.000 439.917 165.600 228.000 1 1 (AUSGABEOPTIONEN)
\end{verbatim}
}
\end{itemize}


\subsection{Drawing objects}

The drawing objects are specified after the header. For each drawing
object one line is used. Each line consists of 17 integer or floating
point values. After the last drawing object there is a line with 17
zeroes. The numbers are separated with a blank. Some of the numbers
are redundant, e.g. the point (xb1, yb1) for arcs. All redundant
parameters are not used when inputting the file. These values are
calculated again within \ltd. Redundant parameters are not mentioned
in the description of the objects. Some parameters may not be defined
for an object. Those parameters are also not mentioned there.

The sequence of the objects defines implicitly a sequence number,
starting with 1. The sequence defines the sequence in which the
objects are painted.

The x-coordinate points to the right, the y-coordinate upwards. Angles
are in the mathematical sense (counterclockwise). All angles are given
in multiples of 0.1~degree.

The parameters of an object are (according to the their sequence in
the line):\\
typ, x1, y1, x2, y2, xb1, yb1, xb2, yb2, wanf, wend, liniendicke, 
linienende, linientyp, lx, ly, rotwi

\subsubsection{Parameters for different objects}
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=2 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{Text}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; reference point\\
   &amp; ly = 0 &amp; aligned left and bottom\\
   &amp; ly = 1 &amp; centered all\\
   &amp; ly = 2 &amp; aligned right and bottom\\
   &amp; ly = 3 &amp; horizontally centered, aligned bottom\\
   &amp; ly = 4 &amp; aligned left and top\\
   &amp; ly = 5 &amp; aligned right and top\\
   &amp; ly = 6 &amp; horizontally centered, aligned top\\
   &amp; ly = 7 &amp; aligned left, vertically centered\\
   &amp; ly = 8 &amp; aligned right, vertically centered\\
   &amp; linientyp &amp; number of font\\
   &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{the following line contains the text string!}\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=3 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{line}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; first end point\\
   &amp; x2,y2 &amp; second end point\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=5 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{circle}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; radius\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; = lx\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=6 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled circle}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; radius\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; = lx\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=7 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{circular arc}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; radius\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; = lx\\
   &amp; wanf  &amp; angle of start point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wanf $\leq$ 3600\\
   &amp; wend  &amp; angle of end point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wend $\leq$ 3600\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=8 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{ellipse}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; semimajor axis\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; semiminor axis\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=9 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled ellipse}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; semimajor axis\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; semiminor axis\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=10 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{elliptic arc}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; semimajor axis\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; semiminor axis\\
   &amp; wanf  &amp; angle of start point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wanf $\leq$ 3600\\
   &amp; wend  &amp; angle of end point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wend $\leq$ 3600\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=11 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled rectangle}\\
   &amp; x1,y1    &amp; first vertix\\
   &amp; xb1,yb1  &amp; second vertix\\
   &amp; x2,y2    &amp; third vertix (diagonal to the first)\\
   &amp; xb2,yb2  &amp; fourth vertix\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=12 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{Bezier curve}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; start point\\
   &amp; xb1,yb1 &amp; point to define tangent to start point\\
   &amp; xb2,yb2 &amp; point to define tangent to end point\\
   &amp; x2,y2 &amp; end point\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=13 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled triangle}\\
   &amp; x1,y1    &amp; first vertix\\
   &amp; xb1,yb1  &amp; second vertix\\
   &amp; x2,y2    &amp; third vertix\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=14 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled quadrangle}\\
   &amp; x1,y1    &amp; first vertix\\
   &amp; xb1,yb1  &amp; second vertix\\
   &amp; x2,y2    &amp; third vertix (diagonal to the first)\\
   &amp; xb2,yb2  &amp; fourth vertix\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=15 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled circular arc}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; radius\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; = lx\\
   &amp; wanf  &amp; angle of start point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wanf $\leq$ 3600\\
   &amp; wend  &amp; angle of end point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wend $\leq$ 3600\\
\end{tabular}\\
\begin{tabular}{p{\gnat}ll}
typ=16 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{filled elliptic arc}\\
   &amp; x1,y1 &amp; center point\\
   &amp; lx    &amp; semimajor axis\\
   &amp; ly    &amp; semiminor axis\\
   &amp; wanf  &amp; angle of start point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wanf $\leq$ 3600\\
   &amp; wend  &amp; angle of end point (in 0.1~degrees), 0 $\leq$ wend $\leq$ 3600\\
\end{tabular}\\


\subsubsection{Common parameters}

\begin{tabular}{lccl}
liniendicke&amp;= &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l}{100 $\wc$ colornumber + linewidth}\\

linienende &amp;=&amp; 0 &amp; line end butt\\
linienende &amp;=&amp; 1 &amp; arrow at first point\\
linienende &amp;=&amp; 2 &amp; arrow at second point\\
linienende &amp;=&amp; 3 &amp; arrow at both ends\\
linienende &amp;=&amp; 4 &amp; line protruding\\

linientyp &amp;=&amp; 1 &amp; solid line\\
linientyp &amp;=&amp; 2 &amp; dotted line\\
linientyp &amp;=&amp; 3 &amp; dotted line\\
linientyp &amp;=&amp; 5 &amp; dashed line\\
linientyp &amp;=&amp; 7 &amp; dashed-dotted line\\
\end{tabular}
\\

The rotation of ellipses or elliptic arcs is given by  'rotwi'. It is
the angle in 0.1~degrees from the positive x-axis to the major axis.

The rotation of texts is given by 'rotwi', the angle between the
positive x-axis and the baseline of the text.


\subsection{Structure of the groups}

The group structure is stored after the drawing objects. There are two
parts: 
\begin{itemize}
\item Part 1: Definition which drawing object belongs to which group\\ 
  For each group which has at least one drawing object as a direct
  member and not only other groups the following blank separated list
  is given: The number of the group followed by the sequence numbers
  of the drawing objects which are direct members. This list ends with
  a zero. The sequence number of a drawing object is given by the list
  of drawing objects.

  Each drawing object can be a direct member of only one group. A
  drawing object which is not member of a group is not listed.

  Part 1 is concluded with a zero.

\item Part 2: Definition of the group hierarchy.\\
This part is a blank separated list of pairs of numbers concluded with
two zeros. Each pair gives a groupnumber and the number of the parent
group. Groups which do not have a parent group are not listed.
\end{itemize}


\hfill$\Box$\\

\newpage

\tableofcontents


\end{document}

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