Dlya togo, chtoby v dopolnenie k opisaniyu otdel'nyh tehnologii dat' celostnuyu kartinu sistemy, v dannom razdele privoditsya primer gorodskoi seti, postroennoi po predlagaemoi tipovoi sheme. Primer povtoryaet sushestvuyushuyu strukturu ST "Botik" (na 15.09.97). V razdele 8.3 privedeny real'nye harakteristiki ST "Botik". V razdele 8.4 priveden raschet stoimosti seti.
V komandu specialistov, zadachei kotoryh yavlyaetsya sozdanie, podderzhanie rabotosposobnosti gorodskoi telekommunikacionnoi seti i obsluzhivanie pol'zovatelei, rekomenduetsya vklyuchit' tri podrazdeleniya.
Kolichestvo lyudei v kazhdoi gruppe zavisit ot masshtaba realizuemoi gorodskoi seti i srokov ispolneniya proekta po sozdaniyu takoi seti. V ST "Botik" (telekommunikacionnaya sistema goroda s 40 000 zhitelyami) rabotu gruppy programmistov/sistemnyh administratorov vypolnyayut 2 vysokokvalificirovannyh sistemnyh programmista, a s rabotoi gruppy elektronshikov spravlyayutsya 4 inzhenera, odin iz kotoryh imeet vysokii uroven' kvalifikacii.
Apparatnye komponenty seti raspolozheny (sm. Risunok 22) v neskol'kih zdaniyah goroda. Komponenty ob'edineny v lokal'nye seti:
K gorodskoi seti takzhe podklyucheny cherez modemy dial-up pol'zovateli. V processe sozdaniya i podklyucheniya nahoditsya lokal'naya set' Foto-himicheskogo kolledzha.
Risunok 22. Primer struktury gorodskoi sistemy
telekommunikacii
|
Vneshnie kanaly sistemy:
V zdanii IPS RAN raspolozheny:
Etot PC-router obespechivaet ob'edinenie segmentov lokal'noi seti IPS RAN v rezhime Ethernet-bridzhinga (dva segmenta iz chetyreh) i IP-marshrutizacii.
Lokal'naya set' MDKC raspolozhena
v treh zdaniyah.
V zdanii kotel'noi razmeshen PC-router (camp-router) obsluzhivayushii:
Lokal'naya set' m/r 2 raspolozhena kompaktno v 7 zdaniyah, tipichnoe rasstoyanie mezhdu zdaniyami--100 m. Zdaniya soedinyayutsya liniyami Ethernet tochka-tochka (razdel 5.4). Zdes' raspolozheny:
Vse obsluzhivaemye segmenty lokal'nyh setei sad-router ob'edinyaet v rezhime Ethernet-bridging v edinuyu logicheskuyu set'. Informacionnye raz'emy v kvartirah (44 sht.) - vhodyat v razlichnye segmenty lokal'nyh setei (Ethernet 10Base-T) zdanii. V seti mikroraiona ispol'zovano 7 habov Repotec RP-1659P.
Lokal'naya set' Foto-himicheskogo kolledzha v nastoyashee vremya nahoditsya v processe sozdaniya i podklyucheniya.
Lokal'naya set' AO "Stroitel'", vklyuchayushaya v sebya 7 rabochih mest (Ethernet 10Base-2/T), obsluzhivaetsya PC-routerom build-router, imeyushim soedinenie (optovolokonnaya liniya 10Base-FL, 10 Mbps) s PC-routerom pole-router, raspolozhennom v zhilom mikroraione N2.
Segmenty lokal'noi seti UGP razmesheny v dvuh zdaniyah na ul.Sovetskoi, 2 i na ul. Svobody,15.
V zdanii universiteta na ulice Sovetskoi
nahoditsya:
V zdanii universiteta na ulice Svobody razmeshen:
Lokal'naya set' AO "Slavich" razvernuta silami personala sobstvennogo VC AO "Slavich". Ona vklyuchaet servery predpriyatiya i pol'zovatel'skie rabochie mesta (bolee 50). Lokal'naya set' AO "Slavich" podklyuchena k ST "Botik" pri pomoshi vydelennoi telefonnoi 2-h provodnoi linii 28.8 Kbps k PC-routeru trub-router.
Lokal'naya set' AO "Zavod LIT" tozhe razvernuta sobstvennymi silami specialistov predpriyatiya i cherez liniyu vneshnei prokladki (podveski, 180 m.) Ethernet 10Base-T obsluzhivaetsya PC-routerom, kotoryi nahoditsya v zdanii universiteta (trub-router).
Risunok 23 Geograficheskaya shema ST "Botik"
|
Opisannaya vyshe gorodskaya telekommunikacionnaya set' podderzhivaet rabotu:
Modemnyi pul (14 modemov) dostatochen dlya obsluzhivaniya takogo kolichestva dial-up abonentov.
Propusknaya sposobnost' vneshnih linii ne ischerpana, o chem svidetel'stvuet statistika ih zagruzhennosti (sm. http://www.botik.ru/cgi-bin/acct.cgi). Reakciya i skorost' obmena (v srednem 2--4 KB/s) po vneshnim http/ftp-zaprosam-vysokie.
Na central'nom servere sistemy razvernuto 17 ftp/www-serverov razlichnyh organizacii (sm. aktual'nyi spisok ftp/www-serverov), realizovannyh
Svedeniya o trafike (ST "Botik", iyun'-iyul' 1997 g.) privedeny v Tablice 5:
Mbait/mesyac | Mbait/sutki | %% | |
Vsego pisem: | 254.690 | 8.350 | (100.00%) |
iz nih vneshnih | 47.205 | 1.548 | 18.50% |
iz nih vnutrennih | 207.485 | 6.803 | 81.47% |
Polnyi IP-trafik | 33,817.752 | 1,108.779 | (100.00%) |
vneshnii | 5,400.695 | 177.072 | 15.97% |
vnutrennii | 28,417.057 | 931.707 | 84.03% |
V sisteme ispol'zovano tol'ko licenzionno chistoe PO. Vse PO, ego funkcionirovanie, apparatnye komponenty i metody ih montazha sootvetstvuyut trebovaniyam reglamentiruyushih dokumentov: IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1d, RFC882, RFC1771, RFC1583, RFC850, RFC1036, RFC1661, RFC822, RFC821, RFC959, RFC1945, RFC2068, RFC1123, EIA/TIA 568, ISO/IEC DIS 11801 i dr.
Nizhe privedeny raschet stoimosti oborudovaniya (Tablica 7) i struktura stoimosti oborudovaniya.
Stoimost' oborudovaniya sistemy: $28,461.
Na kazhdoe postoyannoe podklyuchenie k sisteme prihoditsya v srednem: $115.
Risunok 24 Struktura stoimosti oborudovaniya
|
Kategoriya | Dolya | Cena |
Oborudovanie interfeisov vneshnih kanalov | 6.40% | $1,800 |
Modemnyi pul | 13.43% | $3,780 |
Modemnye vnutrennie kanaly | 2.42% | $680 |
Drugie vnutrennie kanaly | 5.33% | $1,500 |
Oborudovanie linii RadioEthernet | 19.90% | $5,600 |
Central'nyi server pier.botik.ru | 6.87% | $1,933 |
PC-routery (8 sht.) | 9.10% | $2,560 |
Oborudovanie LAN | 36.56% | $10,608 |
ITOGO | 100.00% | $28,461 |
Naimenovanie | kol-vo | cena | summa | ITOGI |
IPS RAN | ||||
Central'nyi server pier.botik.ru | 1 | $2,254 | $2,254 | $2,254 |
Oborudovanie PC-routera (dish-router) | $1,400 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 4 | $20 | $80 | |
--interfeisnaya plata SDL Riscom N2, 2xV.35, do 4Mbps, ISA dlya sputnikovogo kanala | 1 | $1,000 | $1,000 | |
Oborudovanie PC-routera (cup-router) | $3,310 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
--setevaya karta RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz, 2Mbps, ISA | 2 | $900 | $1,800 | |
--napravlennaya antenna s kabelem 20 m. dlya RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz | 2 | $500 | $1,000 | |
--modem dlya vydelennoi telefonnoi linii 28,8 Kbps USR SportsterV.34+ | 1 | $170 | $170 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $3,873 | |||
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 600 | $0.35 | $210 | |
--kabel' UTP-5 s furnituroi krepleniya (metry) | 2,940 | $0.45 | $1,323 | |
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 | 90 | $20 | $1,800 | |
--hab firmy Repotec 16-portovyi RP-1659P | 4 | $135 | $540 | |
Zdanie UGP (ul. Sovetskaya, 2) i AO "Zavod LIT" | ||||
Oborudovanie PC-routera (trub-router $870) i obsluzhivaemyh im modemov ($4,920=$800+$340+$3,780) | $5,790 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--modem Telebit FastBlazer 8840 dlya mezhdugorodnoi vydelennoi linii na Moskvu 28,8 Kbps | 1 | $800 | $800 | |
--setevoi adapter NE2000 k transiveru | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
transiver PLANET AUI 10Base-FL | 1 | $190 | $190 | |
--setevye adaptery NE2000 k LS zdaniya UGP i LS AO "Zavod LIT" | 2 | $20 | $40 | |
--modemy dlya vydelennyh gorodskih telefonnyh linii 28,8 Kbps USR Sportster V.34+ | 2 | $170 | $340 | |
--interfeisnaya plata SCS-16, 16*RS-232C dlya podklyucheniya modemnogo pula | 1 | $250 | $250 | |
--plata RS-232 s opticheskoi razvyazkoi dlya vydelennogo bezmodemnogo kanala | 1 | $50 | $50 | |
--modemy USR Courier V+34 dlya modemnogo pula | 14 | $270 | $3,780 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $450 | |||
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 200 | $0.35 | $70 | |
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000/2100 | 19 | $20 | $380 | |
Zdanie UGP (ul. Svobody, 15) | ||||
Oborudovanie PC-routera (rusx-router) | $340 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $162 | |||
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 120 | $0.35 | $42 | |
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000/2100 | 6 | $20 | $120 | |
Zdaniya zhilogo mikroraiona No 2 | ||||
Oborudovanie PC-routera (pole-router) | $2,160 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
--setevaya karta RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz, 2Mbps, ISA k hostu pier | 1 | $900 | $900 | |
--setevoi adapter NE2000 k transiveru | 2 | $20 | $40 | |
--transiver PLANET AUI 10Base-FL | 2 | $190 | $380 | |
--napravlennaya antenna s kabelem 20 m. dlya RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz | 1 | $500 | $500 | |
Oborudovanie PC-routera (sad-router) | $440 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevye karty Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 | 6 | $20 | $120 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $4,188 | |||
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 60 | $0.35 | $21 | |
--kabel' BICC SSTP-5 vneshnei prokladki (metry) | 1,000 | $0.90 | $900 | |
--polevoi telefonnyi provod (metry) | 1,000 | $0.15 | $150 | |
--kabel' UTP-5 vnutrennei prokladki (metry) | 2,870 | $0.45 | $1,292 | |
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 | 44 | $20 | $880 | |
--hab firmy Repotec 16-portovyi RP-1659P | 7 | $135 | $945 | |
Zdaniya AO "Slavich" (set' i server sdelan silami sobstvennyh specialistov) | ||||
--modem dlya vydelennyh linii USR Sportster V.34+ | 1 | $170 | $170 | $170 |
Zdanie AO "Stroitel'" | ||||
Oborudovanie PC-routera (build-router) | $550 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
--setevoi adapter NE2000 k transiveru | 1 | $20 | $20 | |
--transiver PLANET AUI 10Base-FL | 1 | $190 | $190 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $175 | |||
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 | 7 | $20 | $140 | |
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 100 | $0.35 | $35 | |
Zdaniya MDKC | ||||
Oborudovanie PC-routera (camp-router) | $1,760 | |||
--bazovyi komplekt PC-routera | 1 | $320 | $320 | |
--setevaya karta Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 PCI | 2 | $20 | $40 | |
--setevaya karta RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz, 2Mbps, ISA | 1 | $900 | $900 | |
--napravlennaya antenna s kabelem 20 m. dlya RadioEthernet WaveLAN 2.4GHz | 1 | $500 | $500 | |
Oborudovanie LAN | $1,439 | |||
--setevye adaptery dlya rabochih mest Ethernet 10Mbps NE2000 | 21 | $20 | $420 | |
--kabel' RG-58 (metry) | 250 | $0.35 | $88 | |
--kabel' UTP-5 vnutrennei prokladki (metry) | 1,470 | $0.45 | $662 | |
--hab firmy Repotec 16-portovyi RP-1659P | 2 | $135 | $270 | |
Vsego oborudovaniya | $28,461 | $28,461 |
V sostav sistemy vhodyat:
V sisteme predstavleny gumanitarnyi licei "Chelovek", podrostkovyi klub "Romantik", centr vneshkol'noi raboty "Yuventa", municipal'nyi centp psihologicheskoi pomoshi "Dovepie", centr logopedicheskoi pomoshi, oblastnaya psihologo-mediko-pedagogicheskaya konsul'taciya (filial No 2).
2). Na tehnicheskoi platforme ST "Botik" vypolneno neskol'kih desyatkov telekommunikacionnyh proektov (v oblasti nauki, obrazovovaniya, iskusstva, kul'tury i mediciny). Eti proekty ob'edinyayut gruppy ispolnitelei iz perechislennyh vyshe organizacii i ih kolleg iz drugih gorodov i stran. Otchety i materialy po etim proektam mozhno naiti na mnogih WWW-serverah sistemy. Nizhe privoditsya spisok vsego-lish' nekotoryh iz poslednih takih proektov:
Karta i polnyi spisok nezavisimo razvivaemyh (17 na segodnya) WWW-serverov ST "Botik": http://www.botik.ru/map/map.koi8.html.
3). ST "Botik" pozvolyaet vo mnogom reshat' problemy informatizacii Pereslavskogo regiona, obespechivaya telekommunikacionnyi servis dlya predpriyatii i fizicheskih lic.
Segodnya (sm. materialy o "ST "Botik"--sostoyanie na 15 avgusta 1997 g. i blizhaishie plany razvitiya, sostoyanie na 15 sentyabrya 1997 g.) v sisteme bolee 110 abonentskih podklyuchenii. Kazhdoe takoe podklyuchenie:
ST "Botik" krupnaya, horosho razvitaya i burno razvivayushayasya regional'naya sistema. V ee sostave segodnya okolo 300 komp'yuterov. Predpochtenie otdaetsya razvitiyu postoyannyh podklyuchenii (230 iz 300--77%) i vysokoskorostnyh podklyuchenii (10Mbps, 2Mbps-170 iz 230--74%). Dlya etogo ispol'zuyutsya sovremennye tehnicheskie resheniya (optovolokonnye linii, linii RadioEthernet) dlya podklyucheniya razlichnyh abonentov--vplot' do razvodki Ethernet 10Mbps v zhilyh mikroraionah. ST "Botik" burno razvivaetsya--tak, za 1996 god v 2.5 raza vozroslo kolichestvo abonentov i komp'yuterov, podklyuchennyh k sisteme. V pervom polugodii 1997 goda eti vysokie tempy razvitiya sohranyayutsya.
4) V ST "Botik" razrabatyvayutsya i primenyayutsya original'nye setevye tehnologii, obespechivayushie vysokie tehnicheskie pokazateli seti (skorost', nadezhnost') pri isklyuchitel'no nizkoi stoimosti--udel'naya stoimost' regional'noi chasti sistemy okolo $200 na kazhdyi postoyanno IP-podklyuchenyi (2-100Mbps) komp'yuter
Eto pozvolilo nam do avgusta 1997 goda razvivat' i soprovozhdat' ves' regional'nyi segment seti tehnicheskimi i finansovymi resursami IPS RAN i RosNII RP, bez podderzhki gosudarstvennyh i regional'nyh byudzhetov, rossiiskih i zarubezhnyh fondov.
5) ST "Botik"--horosho razvityi primer (pilotnyi proekt, ob'ekt dlya tirazhirovaniya) tipovoi regional'noi seti. ST "Botik" pozvolyaet nakaplivat' neobhodimyi dlya vsei Rossii opyt postroeniya ekonomicheski effektivnyh setei i unikal'nyi opyt ispol'zovaniya telekommunikacii v nauchnyh, obrazovatel'nyh, kul'turnyh Internet-proektah. Vse rezul'taty svoei setevoi deyatel'nosti (dazhe dokumentaciyu na vysokokonkurentnye programmnye i apparatnye izdeliya) my vsegda otdaem svobodno (besplatno) v Internet.
Nashi (A) ekonomicheski effektivnye setevye tehnologii postroeniya regional'nyh setei i nash (B) opyt ispol'zovaniya telekommunikacii v nauchnyh, obrazovatel'nyh, kul'turnyh Internet proektah
Tak kak nash opyt ispol'zovaniya telekommunikacii (v nauke, obrazovanii, kul'ture, iskusstve, medicine) i nashi tehnologii postroeniya regional'nyh setei prigodny dlya tirazhirovaniya prakticheski vo vseh regional'nyh sistemah Rossii (na urovne malyh gorodov, raionov i t.p) i kolichestvo takih mest na poryadok prevyshaet chislo krupnyh gorodov, Nauchnyi centr "Informika" Minobrazovaniya poruchil nam oformit' opisanie nashih reshenii v vide metodicheskogo materiala, podderzhivayushego legkoe vosproizvedenie nashih podhodov v razlichnyh regional'nyh setyah. K nastoyashemu vremeni etot material gotov--vsem svobodno (besplatno) v Seti dostupny opisaniya nashih: